Although technology is a single aspect of disaster management, it becomes apparent in the discussion that its role is intricately coupled with the rest of the aspects of disaster management. Disaster management is “the body of policy and administrative decisions, the operational activities, the actors and technologies that pertain to various stages of disasters at all levels” ( Lettieri et al., 2009). Appropriate preparedness for disaster can make significant difference on society. Whether they are human-caused, natural, or hybrid ( Shaluf, 2007), disasters are significantly responsible for the massive destruction of both life and property. Furthermore, current research gaps in the field of XR technology for disaster management technology, which are needed to better support disaster management, are identified and discussed in an effort to provide direction to the future research. We found diverse advantages, opportunities, and challenges of XR usage for disaster management, which are discussed in detail. After an extensive review of the literature, it was found that the XR technology is applied extensively in computer simulation modeling, interaction techniques, training, infrastructure assessment and reconnaissance, and public awareness areas of disaster management. We surveyed papers from 2009 to 2019 available in the Web of Science and Google Scholar database, and 84 research articles were selected for the review study. We consider the factors such as publication type, publication year, application domain, and technology used. This study presents a systematic review of the literature on virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) used in disaster management. 2Department of Computer Science, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States.1Gaming and Visualization Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States.

Shishir Khanal 1 †, Uma Shankar Medasetti 1, Mustafa Mashal 1, Bruce Savage 1 and Rajiv Khadka 2*

Savage xr issues